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Jenner is scraping the skin with a wooden instrument. He will then draw across the raw skin a thread run through some of the liquid taken from the cowpox scab of a milkmaid. He had noticed that the local milkmaids near his home in Gloucestershire did not catch small pox. Vacca is Latin for cow. This is where the word vaccination came from. Hypodermic syringes were not available for use until 1853.
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